NEW TRENDS IN COMPUTER TECHNOLOGIES WITH COMPUTERS GENERATION INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

In the history there is not clear cut pattern of development of computer after EDSAC.The computer history is tied up in a tangle of technological advances,university research and company amalgamations.

Originally ,the term generation was used to distinguish between varying hardware technologies.In 1962 International Conference of Computer Scientist was held.In this conference scientists decided to give generation of development of computer.The development of computers took place in five distinct phases known as computer generation.Each generation is characterized by dramatic improvements over the previous generation in the technology used to built them.Different kinds of memory devices used in different generation computer. Vacuum tubes are used as memory devices in the first generation computers.Transistors were used as memory devices in second generation computers.Integrated circuits were used as memory devices in third generation computers and fourth generation computers by using microchips.Now, we got fifth generation computer that used Bio chip and Very Large Scale Integration as main components.

Evaluation of mordern computers are classified into five generations based on their speed,capacity,reliability,main components used and programming languages used them.

With the advent of new microprocessor techonologies ,the latest computers developed in recent years are given as follows:-

POWER PC AND POWER MAC:This is a new model ever designed to incorporate with the different MOS and CMOS technologies.This computers were designed by integration of three renowned companies:IBM Apple and Motorola.The term super scalar is used for the architecture which uses more than one pipeline for the execution of instructions.This computers can read and write data to and from IBM and Macintosh.The IBM computers are following CMOS technology and Macintosh computers are following MOS Technology.

PENTIUM MICROPROCESSOR COMPUTER:The pentium is a high performence, super scalar,CISC microprocessor developed by Intel corporation.It was introduced in the year 1993.It has a 32 bit address but and 64-bit data bus.It contain 3.1 million transistors.It's clock speed ranges up to 233 MHz.

PENTIUM MMX:MMX stands for Multi-Media eXtension.Pentium with MMX technology has been developed to handle multimedia computer.A Multimedia computer accept input in the from the text,graphics,images and sound.Similarly it produces output in the form of text ,graphics and sound.It has seprate pipeline to handle multimedia called MMX pipeline.

PENTIUM PRO:The pentium pro ,a 32 bit CISC processor ,introduced in 1995 has data flow architecture .The data flow architecture is quite different than the architecture of Intel's earlier microprocessors such as Pentium,Pentium with MMX .It contain second level cache memory of 256KB or 512KB in addition to first level cache memories.It contain 21 million transistor.It was used before the introduction of Pentium 2 computer.

CELERON PROCESSOR :Intel celeron ,introduced in 1999 ,is low-cost processor based on Pentium pro architecture.It's clock rates for it's different versions varied from 26 MHz to 533 MHz.It contain inStructions and data cache,16KB 128cache respectively.

PENTIUM III PROCESSOR: Intel's Pentium III processor ,introduced in 1999 ,is and improved version of Petium II processor with 70 Internet streaming SIMD inStruction.They are aimed at improving compression ,decompression ,video and audio streaming ,speech recognition and 3-d simulation.It can have 1MB to 2MB memory and uses Pentium III Xenon processor.

ITANIUM(OR MERCED)PROCESSOR:It is the first 64 bit processor of Intel corporation.The Itanium based system are primarily targeted to E-commerce application and ISPs.